Что такое анестезия — в каких случаях она применяется
Анестезия в ветеринарной практике применяется для проведения различных хирургических вмешательств, санации ротовой полости, а также для процедур, во время которых животное должно сохранять неподвижность: рентгенографии, МРТ, КТ, при проведении стрижки (груминга) у кошек.Состоит из трех компонентов:• наркоз — обеспечивает сон,• миорелаксация — расслабление мышц, • обезболивание. Некоторые владельцы собак, кошек и других домашних питомцев предпочитают проводить стоматологические процедуры и другие болезненные и неприятные манипуляции «без наркоза» из-за боязни или малой осведомленности. Либо в целях экономии прибегают к «дешевому наркозу». К сожалению, иногда это приводит к непоправимым последствиям.
Чем чревата «дешевая» анестезия
Препараты одинаковы и доступны для всех клиник и врачей. «Дешевая» анестезия подразумевает отсутствие мониторинга и специалиста-анестезиолога, который следит за животным во время наркоза и за него отвечает. При этом, как правило, просто делают внутримышечную инъекцию и после манипуляций ждут, пока действие препаратов закончится. В таких случаях анестезия минимально управляема и минимален мониторинг жизненно важных функций, значительно снижается шанс заметить, что с животным что-то не так. При наличии же анестезиолога отслеживаются и максимально быстро корректируются возможные неполадки, что очень важно в случае операции и при выведении животного из наркоза. Это повышает успешность манипуляций, и снижает риск побочных эффектов для здоровья животного.
Анестезиолог сопровождает пациента на всех этапах диагностики и лечения, где требуется седация или общий наркоз.
• Консультирует о возможных анестезиологических рисках.
• Составляет анестезиологический план (протокол) на основании данных преданестезиологического обследования и анамнеза пациента.
• Подбирает оптимальные схемы анестезии с тем, чтобы пациент хорошо ее перенес.
• Составляет план послеоперационной анальгезии.
• Присутствует на операциях от начала до конца, осуществляет мониторинг жизненно важных функций – дыхания, сердечно-сосудистой системы. Оперативно корректирует нарушения в их работе.
• При необходимости протезирует жизненно важные функции при сложных и длительных оперативных вмешательствах — стимулирует к работе сердечно-сосудистую систему, осуществляет принудительную вентиляцию легких.
• Выводит пациента из наркоза, наблюдает за ним до полного пробуждения.
Наши анестезиологи имеют большой опыт ведения пациентов разной степени сложности при оперативных вмешательствах: от плановых операций до операций у пациентов с политравмой или при длительных неврологических и ортопедических операциях. Для поддержания анестезии используем ингаляционный наркоз — наиболее управляемый и безопасный из доступных методов. Кроме того, соблюдаем правило сбалансированной анестезии: используем несколько групп препаратов в низких дозах для достижения различных компонентов анестезии, что снижает вероятность побочных эффектов от использования одного препарата в высоких дозах.
Для адекватного обезболивания пациентов мы так же используем несколько групп препаратов — системные анальгетики и местные анестетики. Местное обезболивание надежно, безопасно и позволяет снизить дозу системных анальгетиков.
Мы применяем эпидуральную анестезию. Кроме этого применяем методику блокады периферических нервов и сплетений. Для локализации последних используем стимулятор периферических нервов. Это позволяет ввести анестетик в непосредственной близости к нерву, и таким образом повысить эффективность и точность блокады.
Во время анестезии мы проводим аппаратный мониторинг: ЭКГ, пульсоксиметрию, капнографию, контролируем артериальное давление, температуру пациента. Благодаря измерению и контролю этих параметров можно оперативно отследить и скорректировать те или иные нарушения работы организма.
Высокая квалификация врачей-анестезиологов, использование современного оборудования и новейших анестезиологических методик делает анестезию в нашей клинике максимально управляемой, безопасной и безболезненной.
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